Njira zolumikizirana opanda zingwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzipangizo monga zoyezera madzi zamagetsi, ndipo zabwino ndi zoyipa zake zimaonekera makamaka mu kusinthasintha, mtengo, kukhazikika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi zina zotero. Zotsatirazi ndi kusanthula kwa zabwino ndi zoyipa za njira zolumikizirana zopanda zingwe:
I. LoRa (Wailesi Yaikulu Kwambiri)
Ubwino:
- Mtunda wautali wotumizira mauthenga: Mpaka makilomita 1-3 m'mizinda ndi makilomita 5-10 m'madera akutali/otseguka, oyenera kulumikizana kwa zida zazikulu komanso zogawika m'malo osiyanasiyana (monga njira zoperekera madzi akumidzi ndi maukonde a mapaipi a m'mizinda).
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa: Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa spread-spectrum, imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabatire, nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito imatha kufika zaka 5-10, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zokonzera mabatire nthawi zambiri.
- Mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza: Mphamvu yolimbana ndi phokoso komanso kusokoneza njira zambiri imakulitsidwa kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa ma spread-spectrum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera m'malo ovuta a mafakitale.
- Chithandizo cha maukonde akuluakulu: Chipata chimodzi chimatha kulumikiza zida zikwizikwi, zomwe ndizoyenera kuyikidwa pamlingo waukulu ndipo zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zopezera maukonde.
Zoyipa:
- Kuchuluka kwa deta yotumizira: Ndi gawo la kulumikizana kwa narrowband, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyambira makumi mpaka mazana a kbps, komwe sikoyenera kutumiza deta yambiri nthawi yeniyeni (monga deta yowunikira pafupipafupi).
- Kudalira kugwiritsa ntchito zipata: Zipata zapadera za LoRa ziyenera kuyikidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zoyambira kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa zizindikiro za zipata kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo (monga nyumba ndi zopinga).
II. NB-IoT (Intaneti ya Zinthu Zamtundu wa Narrowband)
Ubwino:
- Kufalikira kwakukulu kwambiri: Potengera malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma cell base, ili ndi mphamvu yokwanira yofikira (imatha kulowa m'makoma ndi mapaipi apansi panthaka), yoyenera madera okhala anthu ambiri m'matauni kapena zida zapansi panthaka (monga zoyezera madzi zobisika).
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa: Nthawi ya batri imatha kufika zaka 3-8, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za ntchito yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Chithandizo cha maulumikizidwe akuluakulu: Siteshoni imodzi yokha imatha kulumikiza zida 100,000, zoyenera kusintha mita yamadzi yanzeru m'mizinda.
- Palibe chifukwa chomangira zomangamanga zanu: Gwiritsani ntchito netiweki ya wogwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji, kupulumutsa ndalama zoyendetsera chipata, ndipo mutha kulumikizidwa ku netiweki mwachangu.
Zoyipa:
- Kudalira zizindikiro za wogwiritsa ntchito: Malo akutali kapena malo osazindikira zizindikiro (monga zipinda zapansi) sangalankhule bwino, zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonjezera zizindikiro.
- Ndalama zolipirira magalimoto zilipo: Ndikofunikira kulipira ndalama zolipirira magalimoto kwa ogwira ntchito, ndipo ndalamazo zimatha kukwera pakagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Kuchuluka kwa deta kochepa: Ndi ukadaulo wa narrowband wokhala ndi liwiro lotsika (nthawi zambiri lochepera 200 kbps), womwe suli woyenera kutumiza deta mwachangu komanso mwachangu.
III. Bluetooth
Ubwino:
- Kukhazikitsa kosavuta: Palibe zofunikira zina. Imatha kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi mafoni am'manja ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja patali pang'ono (mamita 10-100), zomwe zimathandiza kukonza zolakwika ndi kuwerenga deta pamalopo (monga owerenga mita amawerenga deta pamalopo pogwiritsa ntchito ma terminal ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja).
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa: Mu Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono kwambiri, zomwe sizikhudza kwambiri moyo wa batri wa chipangizocho.
- Kugwirizana kwamphamvu: Pafupifupi ma terminal onse anzeru (mafoni am'manja, mapiritsi) amathandizira Bluetooth, popanda kufunikira zida zapadera.
Zoyipa:
- Kutumiza kwakutali: Kulankhulana kwakutali kokha ndikololedwa, komwe sikungakwaniritse zosowa za kuwerenga kapena kuyang'anira mita patali.
- Chitetezo chochepa: N'zosavuta kusokonezedwa kapena kumvedwa, ndipo sikoyenera kutumiza deta yachinsinsi (monga deta ya momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsira ntchito madzi).
- Ntchito imodzi: Imatha kungolumikiza kulumikizana kwa mtunda waufupi kuchokera ku mfundo imodzi kupita ku mfundo imodzi ndipo singapange netiweki yayikulu.
IV. GPRS/4G (Netiweki ya Mafoni a M'manja)
Ubwino:
- Kuchuluka kwa deta yotumizidwa: Kuchuluka kwa 4G kumatha kufika pa 100 Mbps, komwe kumatha kutumiza deta yambiri nthawi yomweyo (monga kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mafakitale).
- Kufalikira kwakukulu: Kutengera netiweki ya ogwiritsira ntchito okhwima, palibe malo olumikizirana omwe sali otseguka (kupatula madera akutali kwambiri).
- Kugwira ntchito bwino nthawi yeniyeni: Kuchedwa kutumiza deta ndi kochepa, koyenera zochitika zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri nthawi yeniyeni (monga kuyang'anira kutuluka kwa madzi ndi alamu yoyenda molakwika).
Zoyipa:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri: Gawoli limafuna mphamvu yopitilira nthawi zonse ikagwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire likhale lalifupi (nthawi zambiri chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri). Limafuna mphamvu yakunja kapena kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa batri, zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri pokonza.
- Mtengo wokwera: Ndalama zolipirira phukusi la SIM khadi ziyenera kulipidwa, ndipo mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wa LoRa/NB-IoT.
- Kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro kumakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe: Chizindikirocho chingakhale chofooka m'malo monga zipinda zapansi ndi mapaipi otsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutumiza deta kusokonezeke.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-08-2025